DO TEACHERS HAVE RELATIONSHIP WITH AWARENESS OF AND ADHERENCE TO VALUES
INHERENT IN FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES?
Kalplata Pandey
INTRODUCTION
We know that
man-value-education is a sacred triangle, where education is a vital medium to
imbibe, foster and perpetuate values in man. While teaching of facts (sciences)
makes man wise, the teaching of values makes him truly human. ‘Value’ comes
from the Latin word ‘valere’ which means to be worth,
to be strong. Values are an individual’s blue print for the way that they
perceive the world and to that extent people have different sets of core
values. For example, a person that views world as a hostile environment will
place great emphasis on the values of security and stability, while another
person who views the world as a creative environment will have values of
integration and interconnectedness. Now the question arises here that what are
the essential elements which help in leading value based living. The first and
foremost word comes in this regard is Dharma, the duty boundness,
which helps an individual to adhere values in himself/herself. The importance
of Dharma or duty is very well recognised and established in the writings of
Mahatma Gandhi. He said that
he learned from his illiterate but wise mother that all rights to
be deserved and preserved come from duty done.
NEED
OF THE STUDY
It
is generally believed that teachers are the nation builders. Teachers are
supposed to play “a pivotal role in the value adherence among their students.
It is believed that only teacher can make tremendous positive changes among his
students. This belief still persists with minor changes in the society. It is
also said that the teachers teaching in private schools are performing their
duties in a better manner as compared to the teachers teaching in Aided or
purely government schools. Along with this, researches also prove that there
exists sex wise difference between the teachers as far as their values
preferences are concerned. Findings of various researches are supporting the assumption
that sex and level of teaching affects the value preferences among teachers.
Therefore in order to know whether teachers of different sex and teaching at
different levels of education have relationship between their awareness of and
adherence to values inherent in Fundamental Duties enshrined in Indian
constitution, the present study is planned.
OBJECTIVES
The
objectives of the study were:
To
find out the relationship between awareness of and adherence to values inherent
in Fundamental Duties among male and female teachers teaching in primary and
secondary school teachers;
To
find out the relationship between awareness of and adherence to values inherent
in Fundamental Duties among the teachers teaching in primary and secondary
schools run by various educational agencies.
METHODOLOGY
The
present study belonged to the category of descriptive field research and
included composite characteristics of co-relational survey researches. The sample comprised 900
teachers of both sexes (450 male & 450 female) teaching in Govt. aided and
recognised primary and secondary schools located in urban and rural areas of
(i) Fundamental Duties Awareness Questionnaires for Teachers
(FDAQT). constructed by the investigator;
(ii)
Values inherent in Fundamental duties questionnaire for teachers (VFDQT)
prepared by the investigator.
FINDINGS
Relationship
between Awareness of and Adherence to Values among Male and Female Primary
Schools Teachers
It
was found that there exists significant positive relationship between awareness
of and adherence to values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among primary
male teachers. For primary male teachers, patriotic, social, cultural,
spiritual, knowledge and excellence values strengthen with increase in
awareness of Fundamental Duties. Contrary to this, for environmental and law
abiding values no such significant relationship was observed. For female
primary school teachers, it was observed that adherence to values inherent in
the Fundamental Duties strengthens with increase in awareness of Fundamental
Duties. Contrary to this, no such significant relationship was observed for
social, spiritual, knowledge and value for excellence. Findings revealed that
for male primary teachers, adherence to patriotic, social, cultural, spiritual,
knowledge and excellence values increases with increase in awareness of
Fundamental Duties. For female primary teachers, adherence to patriotic,
cultural, environmental and law abiding value strengthens with increase in awareness
of Fundamentals Duties. The reason behind this relationship lies in the fact
that without having awareness, the evaluation of anything is not possible.
Similarly without having awareness of Fundamental Duties, adherence to values
related to the same can not be made possible. Male and female primary teachers
having different educational qualification may need to be aware of Fundamental
Duties first in order to adhere to the values related to the same. This might
be the reason of having positive relationship between awareness of Fundamental
Duties and adherence to various values related to those duties. Adherence to these values strengthen with increase in the
awareness of Fundamental Duties among male secondary school teachers. Contrary
to this, no such significant relationship was observed for patriotic,
environmental and law abiding values. For female secondary school teachers, it
was observed that social, cultural, spiritual and
value for excellence strengthen with increase in the awareness of Fundamental
Duties. Contrary to this, no such significant relationship was observed for
patriotic, knowledge, environmental and law abiding values. Findings revealed
that for male secondary school teachers, social, cultural, spiritual, knowledge
and excellence value increases & with increase in awareness of Fundamental
Duties whereas for female secondary teachers, social, cultural, spiritual and
excellence values increases with increase in awareness of Fundamental Duties.
For remaining values, no such significant relationship was observed. The
probable reason of having positive and significant relationship between
awareness of Fundamental Duties and adherence to social, cultural spiritual and
excellence values on the part of male and female secondary school teachers may
be that all these values are directly related to the awareness of Fundamental
Duties. Therefore, for formal adherence a teacher has to become aware of what
constitution directs about the same. This might be the reason of their having
positive and significant relationship. As far as the knowledge value is
concerned, it can be said that adherence to knowledge as value has not to do
anything with awareness of Fundamental Duties. Valuing knowledge is highly
essential for a teacher who is teaching adolescents of this modern age of
information technology. This might be the cause of low relationship between
adherence to knowledge value and awareness of duties related to same.
Similarly, for law abiding and environmental values also no such significant
relationship was observed. The reason for this finding may again be same, as
being a teacher of secondary schools, they have to
inculcate these values in their students. As we all know that now a days people specially residing in urban areas are facing
lots of health and other related problems due to not having proper awareness of
the protection of environment. This might be the cause of their not relating
values with the awareness of Fundamental Duties. Similar reason persists with
the law abiding value also. It is an undeniable truth that due to urbanization
and encroachment of technology in public sector, the unemployment rate has
increased a lot. The greed of becoming rich within a forth night has worsened
the law and order situation in the cities. Therefore, teachers, the most
awakened citizens of the country, may not feel necessary to have awareness of
Fundamental Duties first for inculcation of value related to abiding by the
law. This might be the reason for not having significant relationship between
the two variables among male and female, secondary school teachers.
Relationship
between Awareness of Fundamental Duties and Adherence to Values Inherent in the
Fundamental Duties among Primary School Teachers
The
second objective of the study was to find out the relationship between
awareness of Fundamental Duties and adherence to values inherent in the
Fundamental Duties among primary school teachers teaching in schools run by
various educational agencies. It was found that there exists significant positive
relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties and adherence to values
inherent in Fundamental Duties as far as primary school teachers teaching in
Government, aided and recognized schools are concerned. Adherence to values
inherent in the Fundamental Duties strengthen with increase in awareness
of Fundamental Duties. For primary school teachers teaching in aided schools,
it was observed that there exists significant and positive relationship between
awareness of Fundamental Duties and inculcation of values inherent in
Fundamental Duties. Contrary to this, for environmental and law abiding values,
no such significant relationship was observed. For primary school teachers
teaching in private schools, except for cultural & environmental values no
significant relationship was observed between awareness of Fundamental Duties
and adherence to values inherent in the same. Findings revealed that for
primary school teachers teaching in Govt. schools, adherence to all the eight
values strengthens with increase in the awareness of Fundamental Duties. For
primary school teachers teaching in aided schools, adherence to patriotic,
social, cultural, spiritual, knowledge and excellence value increases with
increase in awareness of Fundamental Duties. The reason behind the variation of
relationship between primary school teachers teaching in Govt. and aided school
regarding awareness of Fundamental duties and adherence to values related to
the same may be that aided schools teachers may not feel necessary to be aware
of law abiding and environmental value as Govt. school teachers have to work
under fixed norms, rules and regulation, forced upon them by Govt. This
situation is not generally faced by aided school teachers. This might be the
reason of their having low relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties
related to environment and law and the adherence to the same.
Relationship
between Awareness of and Adherence to Values among Secondary School Teachers
The
second objective of the study was to study the relationship between awareness
of and adherence to values inherent in the Fundamental Duties among secondary
school teachers teaching in schools run by various educational agencies. It was
found that as
far as secondary school teachers teaching in Govt. schools are concerned, there
exists significant relationship between awareness of Fundamental Duties and
adherence to cultural, spiritual, knowledge, environmental value and value for
excellence. It means that adherence to cultural, spiritual, knowledge, environmental
and excellence values strengthen with increase in awareness towards Fundamental
Duties. Contrary to this no such significant relationship was observed for
patriotic, social and law abiding values. It is observed that adherence to
social, cultural and value for excellence
strengthen with increased in the awareness of Fundamental Duties among
secondary school teachers teaching in aided schools as the obtained ‘r’ value
for all these values are significant and positive. Contrary to this, no such significant
relationship was observed for patriotic and environmental values. Findings
revealed that for secondary teachers teaching in Govt. schools, cultural,
spiritual, knowledge, environmental and excellence values increases with
increase in their awareness of Fundamental Duties. It was observed that for
secondary teachers teaching in aided schools, adherence to social, cultural and
excellence value increases with increase in awareness of the same. It was also
observed that for secondary teachers teaching in recognized schools, social,
cultural, spiritual, knowledge, law abiding and excellence value increases with
increase in awareness of Fundamental Duties. It indicates that for all teachers
teaching in schools run by various educational agencies, adherence to cultural
and excellence values increases with increase in their awareness of Fundamental
Duties. The probable reason for this relationship may be that due to over
increasing population and negative effect of westernization, people are not
thinking seriously about protection and preservation of their cultural
heritage. Similarly due to the rat race for survival of fittest, the concept of
quality based development is vanishing from the present social context.
Therefore, in order to attract the people of this very fundamental and
important issue, it is highly essential to make the people aware of the
Fundamental Duties. This might be the reason for having positive and
significant relationship between these two values and awareness of the same.
The probable reason of having low relationship between social, law abiding and
patriotic values and awareness of Fundamental Duties may be that for the
adherence to these values awareness of Fundamental Duties is not essential as
teachers have to be already aware of all these duties for dealing with the
students, parents and society daily. it is very well
accepted fact that teachers are the makers of future citizens and they shape
the future of the nation in their classrooms. Therefore they may not feel
necessary to be aware of Fundamental Duties to become dutiful in their
classrooms. Contrary to this, teachers teaching in private schools have
positive and significant relationship between social, cultural, spiritual,
knowledge, law abiding, excellence values and awareness of Fundamental Duties.
The probable reason for this relationship is that private teachers have to be
extra cautious in dealing with the students due to their nature of job. They
might feel necessary that awareness of the Fundamental Duties is essential for
inculcation of these values of common use. For environmental and patriotic
values they may not feel like the same as these are the values which have to be
adhered by teachers without having any doubts or special awareness as it is the
prime duty of teachers to make their students a patriotic citizen who have the
capacity and will to protect their nation and make environment pollution free
and hand it over to their successors. This might be the reason of having low
relationship between these two values and awareness of Fundamental Duties on
the part of teachers teaching in recognized schools. Finding, that there exists
significant positive relationship between awareness of and adherence to values
inherent in Fundamental Duties has proved the importance and urgency of making
people specially teacher community, aware about Fundamental Duties, definitely
helps in the adherence of the values related to same. This finding strongly
advocates that Fundamental Duties must be included in the syllabus of teacher training
courses.